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(No 1101161. v I G. A. EARTH.

SQTEAM OR PNEUMATIC ENGINE.

N0. 393,604. Paten t'edNov. 2.7

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GUSTAV A. EARTH, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO PIERRE CHOU- TEAU,OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM OR PNEUMATIC ENGlNE SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 393,604, dated November 27, 1888.

Application filed April 17, 1888. Serial No.270.928. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

3e it known that I, GUSTAV A. EARTH, a ClblZBD' of the United States,residing at the city of St. Louis, State .of Missouri, have in- 5 ventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Direct-Acting Steam or PneumaticEngines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements on that for which application for apatent. was filed December 16, 1887, Serial No. 258,065, iorimprovements in directacting steam .or pneumatic engines, and whereinthe piston is reciprocated in the cylinder by the action of :5 its valvewithout the intervention of valveoperating mechanism; and my inventionhas for 1ts object to render such engines more positive and sensitive inaction under high and low pressures, to obtain a steadier movement ofthe parts, and to facilitate the handling and application of the machinewhen used for chipping, calking, riveting, mining, and other purposes.

It consists in the combination of a cylinder boredout concentrically totwo different diameters for different portions of its length, a tubularpiston-rod provided with inlet and discharge passages, adistribution-valve ad apted to reciprocate within said piston-rod andformed with an improved arrangement of relief-passages, a rod attachedto the tubular piston-rod and extending through a tubular casingprojecting from the open end of the cylinder, 21. stock or holdersecured to the outer end of the extension-rod for carrying aspecially-constructed chisel or other appliance, and ahandle adapted tothe closed end or head of the cylinder for directing the machine to itswork, the whole being mounted on 40 wheels for facilitating thetransport and ap plication of the machine.

On the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a central longitudinalsection of my improved direct-acting engineadapted for use as achippingdevice in mining operations, the piston being shown at the outertermination of its stroke; Fig. 2, a detached view, to an enlargedscale, of a portion of the piston and distribution-valve seen in Fig. 1;Fig. 3,

a sectional plan on line 1 1 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4,

a similar view on line 2 2 in Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, aside view of thechipping-tool seen in Fig. 1, like letters of reference denoting likeparts in all the figures.

a represents the cylinder, which is bored out concentrically to twodifferent diameters extending in opposite directions from a plane at ornear the middle of its length and corresponding, respectively, with thediameters of its piston b and of a tubular piston'rod, c, which isformed in one piece with or secured to the piston I). The piston b andtubular piston-rod c are bored out centrally to provide a cylindricalchamber or cavity, d, which extends from its open end, where it is flushwith the outer side of the piston 12, to a suitable depth within thetubular piston-rod c, the inner end of which is extended by means of asquare (or other) shaped piston-rod, c, passing through the open end ofthe cylinder a, and through and beyond a cylindrical tubular casing, a,which is secured at its open end to the corresponding end of thecylinder at and closed at its outer end, so as to form a bearing andguide thereat to the extension piston-rod c. By this arrangement anannular space, 6, is formed between the extension piston-rod c andtubular casing a, from which space e and from the cylinder atexhaust-passages n a, respectively, open into the external atmosphere.

In the outer open end of the chamber d is fitted and fixed a cylindricaltube or sleeve,

9, which is flush at its outer end with the outer side of the piston I)and extends a certain distance within the chamber (1. Into the inner endportion of this tube or sleeve 9 projects the outerdiametrically-reduced end portion of a cylindrical distributioirvalve,h, which to the extent of that portion of its length beyond the shoulderof its reduced end is fitted to and capable of reciprocation within thechamber 01, and is formed with a longitudinal central supply-passage,2', extending from its outer open end, inclosed by the tube or sleeve5/, to a suitable depth therefrom, one or more inlet- 5 passages, j,being formed near the inner closed end of the supply-passage 1', throughthe Wall of the distribution-valveh, and communicating with an annularspace, 7c, formed byacircumferential recess in the interior surface ofthe tubular piston rod 0, surrounding the chamber (Z in conjunction withthe circumferential surface of the distribution-valve h.

Z Z are iiiletpassagesleading to the chamber (7, through the wall of thelatter from the outside of the tubular piston-rod c and communieatingwith each other by open grooves Z, formed in the outer surface of thetubular piston rod 0.

m is an inlet and outlet passage located on the ont'sideof the tubularpiston-rod beyond the inlet passages Z", and extending through the wallof the tubular piston rod 0 and through the inner end of the chamber it,with which it communicates behind the distribution-valve h,- and n areexhaust-passages extending from the interior of the tube orsleeve 1/through the wall of and surrounding the latter and longitudinallythrough a portion of the piston I) and wall of the tubular pistoir rod 0to the space (surrounding the extension piston-rod c.

In the circumferentialsurface of the reduced outer end of thedistribution-valve It, where it enters the tube or sleeve 9, are formedchannels or passagesf, which in certain positions of thedistribution-valve h, ashercinafter more particularly explained,establish communication from thcannularspaee occurring between the innerend of the tube or sleeve l and the said shoulder of thedist-rilmtion-valve h to the exhaust-passages n.

To the end of the extension pistonrod 11', external to its guide orouter end of the tubular casing a, is fixed a stock or holder, 1/, forreceiving and holding the ehippingtool h, (or other appliance, as thecase may be.) The chipping end of this chisel h is splayed off to oneside only and formed centrally for some distance backward from its edgewith a slot, i, the inner end of which is V-shapcd andin clined upwardtoward the beveled side of the tool, by which device the materialoperated upon is more easily disintegrated than by the ordinary chisel.

Steam or other motive fluid is admitted to the machine through aflexible hose or other pipe attached to the nozzlco, which opensdirectly into the cylinder a at the inner end of its larger diameter,the flow of steam being regulated, according to the quantity required,by any suitable description of stop or regulating valve.

lhe handle .9, for holding the machine to its work, is attached. to theclosed end or head of the cylinder (1,, and the entire apparatus mountedon wheels t:, the axlcpof which has its hearings in a boss orenlargement, q, or other suitable provision therefor on thecircumfcrence of the cylinder a.

In operation,the parts being in the position seen in Fig. 1, theoperator locates the machine, by means of its wheels I.: and handle 8,into the desired position for the wot-ligand the motive fluid, beingadmitted through the nozzle 0, enters the cylinder (1 on the inner sideof the piston b, as indicated by the arrows, and circulating around thetubular pistonrod 0 passes through the inlet-passages! and around theannular space 1.: into and through the inlet-passages j and central supply-passage, i, of the distrilmtion-valve IL, through the tube or sleeve1 to the outer side of the piston I), which, with the tubular piston rodc, is thereby forced toward the inner open end of the cylinder a, andcarrying with them the extension piston-rod c and stock or holder,causcs the ehippingchiscl h to strike upon the material to bedislodged. Meanwhile the ontlet-passage m,on reaching the e.\'-haust-passage nf",through the wall of the small portion of the cylinderIt (corresponding with the diameter of the tubular piston-rod c) and theinlet-passages t l tflentcring the same part of the cylinder u, andbeing thereby closed to the ingress ofsteam, the steam which was behindand held the distribution valve 1/ in its out-ward position is exhaustedthrough the passages in and lt",a.nd allows the distributionvalve It tobe forced toward the inner end of the chamber (I, so as to close theinlet-pas sages Z t tfland thereby prevent the subsequent entrance oflive steam to the central supplypassage, if.

To prevent theaccidental outward stroke of the distribution-valve h inthe chamber d during the return-stroke of the piston I), a slight backor inward pressure'is imparted to the valve h by small inlet-passages m,which are located at or near to the inner side of the pisston b, andopen from the outside of and through the wall of the tubular piston-rod0 into the chamber d, between the shoulder of the valve h and the innerend of the tube or sleeve 5 Simultancously,by the inward movement of thedistribution-valve it, its outer rcduced end portion uncovers theexhaust-passages it, through which, and through the OX- haust-passage nin the casing e, the steam from the outer side of the piston 7) isexhaust ed into the atmosphere, and the steam contained in the annularspace on the inner side of the piston b presses upon the annular surfaceof the latter,and thereby forces the piston b, with the tubularpiston-rod 0, toward the outer closed end of the cylinder a, or so as towithdraw the chisel h from the material until the inlet-passage m risesjust above the upper end of the said small portion of the cylinder a,when the steam from the space on the inner side of the piston b entersthe passage m and chamber (1, and forces the distributionyalve outwardto its original position, or with the shoulder of its reduced endbearing against the inner end of the tube or sleeve g, thereby againopening communication between the inlct-passages 7;, and Z for admittingthe steam or air to the outer side of the piston b and between thepassages tandl, admitting steam behind thedistribution-valve h, forsupporting the latter in the outward position while the piston 11 isperforming its return-stroke. During the outward movement ofthedistrilmtion-valve It, as described and.

indicated by the central arrow in Fig. 2, the steam or air occupying thespace between the lnncr end of the tube or sleeve 9 and the shou1- derof the distribution-valve h, after the small inlet-passages 00 have beenclosed by the valve it, passes off through the channels or depres-810118 f into the exhaustpassages a, and thereby prevents the cushioningor impediment to the free outward movement of the distribution-valve h.

By the use of the extended piston rod a, guided by the outer end of thetubular casing a, greater steadiness and precision, combined with lessfriction and increased sensitiveness of action, are imparted to thepiston 11 and its appendages, and owing to the length of bear- 1ng theblow of the chisel 70 against the material does not jar the mechanism tothe same extent as when using a hammer on the end of the tubularpiston-rod c, as described in my said application. Again,by mounting themachine on wheels it can be directed and held in position with greaterease and steadiness than if held by the hands.

I claim Ihe combination of acylinder, a, a piston, I), fitting therein,a tubular pistonrod, 0, formed on or secured to said piston and providedwith separate inlet and exhaustpassages Z and n, respectively, adistribution-valve, h, fitting within a chamber or cavity, (1, in saidpistonrod and having a central supply-passage, i, extending from itsopen end to lateral ports j, and annular passage It, adjacent to theinner end of the chamber d, the portsj and passages 1370 being soarranged as to communicate alternately with the said inlet and exhaustpassages Zn, inlet-passages Z in the tubular piston-rod c, communicatingwith that portion of the chamber d beneath the distribution-valve h,andcommunicating by connecting-passages Z with the inlet-passages Z, acombined inlet and exhaust passage, m, in the piston-rod 0, leading toand from the chamber d, behind the distributionvalve h, inlet passages00 in the piston-rod c, communicating with the chamber 11 above theupper shoulder of the distribution-valve h when. in its extreme innerposition, and relief passages 1, formed in the periphery of the tube orsleeve 9, the whole operating to positively hold and reverse thedistribution-- valve h at the proper times, and so govern the supply andexhaust of motive fluid to and from the piston b and distribution-valveh, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature,in presence of two witnesses,this 11th day of April, 1888.

GUSTAV A. EARTH.

Witnesses:

S. L. SCIIRADER, PAUL BAKEWELL.

